Shri Purvanchal Multispeciality Hospital

Surgery

Surgery is a medical specialty that involves the use of operative techniques to investigate, treat, or manage diseases, injuries, and deformities. Surgeons are trained to perform procedures that may be elective, urgent, or emergency-based, and these procedures often involve cutting into the body but can also include minimally invasive or robotic techniques.

Key Aspects of Surgery

Aspect	Description
Definition	The branch of medicine that uses manual and instrumental techniques to treat pathologies through operative intervention.
Performed by	Surgeons (MD/MBBS + further surgical training, often MS/FRCS/Board-certification).
Types of Surgery	Can be elective, urgent, or emergency.
Settings	Hospitals (operating rooms), ambulatory surgical centers, trauma centers.
Techniques	Open surgery, laparoscopic (keyhole), endoscopic, robotic-assisted, laser surgery.

Major Surgical Specialties

Specialty	Focus Area
General Surgery	Abdominal organs (e.g., stomach, intestines, hernia, appendix, gallbladder), breast, thyroid.
Cardiothoracic Surgery	Heart and lungs.
Neurosurgery	Brain, spinal cord, nervous system.
Orthopedic Surgery	Bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
Plastic Surgery	Reconstructive or cosmetic procedures.
Urologic Surgery	Urinary tract and male reproductive organs.
Otolaryngology (ENT)	Ear, nose, throat, and related head and neck structures.
Vascular Surgery	Blood vessels (arteries, veins).
Pediatric Surgery	Surgical procedures in infants and children.
Trauma Surgery	Emergency procedures for injuries.
Colorectal Surgery	Colon, rectum, anus.